Infertility Clinic

The term Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive despite regular and unprotected intercourse for 2 years. Couples should be aware that 80% will conceive within a year and 90% within two years if they do not use contraception and have regular intercourse. Although infertility by itself may not threaten physical health, it does have a serious impact on the mental and social well being of affected couples. 

Infertility is classified into two types :

1. Primary Infertility :- No previous pregnancy 
2. Secondary Infertility :- History of previous pregnancy (whatever the outcome)

Infertility may be due to the problem in the male or female or in both the partners or even unexplained. Proportion of factors causing infertility 

Incidence / Prevalence ...

Incidence :

- Incidence of infertility refers to the annual diagnosis rate of new cases of  infertility 

1. Male infertility – at least 2 million annual cases [based on ASRM]
2. Female infertility - at least 2 million annual cases [based on ASRM]

Prevalence - the measure of a condition in a population at a given point time.

- Prevalence of infertility :
  9% of reproductive age [based on   ASRM]
- Prevalence rate : 
  Approximately 1 in 44.

INFERTILITY CAUSES

Fertility is a complicated thing. The complex and finely balanced process involved egg and sperm production and many factors plays role in fertilization to implantation.
Great research and studies have been achieved in infertility treatment, once the cause for infertility is identified, treatment aimed at correcting reversible etiologies and overcoming irreversible factors can be implemented with advances in assisted  reproductive technology, and treatment for female infertility has made enormous progress. ART techniques combines use of fertility drugs, hormonal therapy, surgery, IUI, IVF/ICSI-ET, Egg donation, Embryo donation and Surrogacy 

Causes for Male Infertility

Male infertility accounts 35-40% of all fertility problems and it can be classified into four main types.

It is estimated that one in six couples face difficulties in conceiving. The chart below outlines the most common causes and typical treatments available.

Azoospermia : - Causes & possible solutions
Azoospermia – No sperm in the ejaculate

Retrograde ejaculation [during orgasm, sperm Enter the bladder & mix With urine ] 

No production of sperm in the testes [because of trauma,mumps, Hypogonadism  surgical removal, Chemo or Radiotherapy] of testis, undesanded testis.

sperm production is there, but cannot enter in ejaculated semen. [obstruction at various levels in the path way of genital tract ] Obstructive Azoospermia  

Non obstructive Azoospermia

1.   - Epididymal block [infections]
   
2.   - Congenital absence of vas
3.    [Bridging tube between testis
4.     And penis]
5.   - Infection to vas or vasectomy
6.   - seminal vesicle or prostate 
7.     pathology

- unknown cause

- system appears normal but 
  no sperm in ejaculate

Possible Solutions :

1) ICSI For obstructive and non-obstructive Azoospermia(Normal spermatogenis, no sperm in     the ejaculate).

2) Sperm donation : 
          - No sperm in the testis
          - can’t afford IVF-ICSI treatment.

Causes for Female Infertility

1. 1. Vaginitis : infections like candidial , fungal, mixed bacterial infections can change the PH alkaline to acidic and in case of Acidic PH sperm cannot survive.
2. 2. Cervical mucous hostility
3. 3. Ovulation problems
   1. Ovulation irregularity or anovulation
   2. Absent ovary
4. 4. Uterine problems
   1. a) Anatomically abnormal
   2. b) Uterine pathology
5. 5. Tubal problems
6. 6. Poor Egg quality
7. 7. Polycystic ovarian syndrome
8. 8. Endometriosis :
9. 9. Immunological Infertility :
10. 10. Coital Failure
11. 11. Unexplained infertility

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